Course objectives

The title grants access to all 2nd cycle degree programmes (Postgraduate and 1st level Masters) in accordance with the requirements established by the respective regulations.

Physical
The skills achieved allow the placement (in roles of limited responsibility, which can possibly be increased
with subsequent training at master's degree level) in many work activities, in particular at:
- physical research centres and laboratories at public bodies or companies;
- astronomical observatories;
- laboratories using accelerators or nuclear research reactors;
- centres and laboratories requiring expertise in the acquisition and processing of data;
- healthcare facilities that require knowledge of diagnostic imaging, radiotherapy and radiation protection;
- research centres and laboratories in areas of application for social purposes (e.g. energy, environment, cultural heritage,...);
- museums and other bodies for the promotion and dissemination of science;
- journalism and publishing in the scientific field, including media and web;
- research centres of banks and insurance companies;
- structures in which skills in the modelling of phenomena in various fields are required.

To be admitted to the degree course, students must have a high school diploma required by current legislation, or another qualification obtained abroad, recognized as suitable by the competent offices of the University.
Enrolment in the degree programme is also required to possess or acquire an adequate initial preparation which is verified through an entrance test, the procedures for which are announced at the time of enrolment.
Further details on how to verify the adequacy of the initial preparation and on the recovery of any gaps and educational debts of the student (to be filled in any case within the first year of study) are governed by the Didactic Regulations of the degree course.

First cycle degree/Bachelor in PHYSICS

ITALIAN

Physical
Graduates must:
- possess an adequate basic knowledge of the different fields of classical and modern physics;
- be familiar with the scientific method of investigation and be able to apply it in the representation and modeling of physical reality and their verification;
- possess operational and laboratory skills;
- know and know how to use appropriate mathematical and computer tools;
- possess the ability to use the most modern technologies;
- possess the ability to manage complex measurement systems and to analyze large amounts of scientific methodology datasets;
- be in possession of adequate skills and tools for communication and information management;
- possess the tools and flexibility for rapid and continuous updating to the progress of science and science technology;
- be able to deal with different problems on a scientific basis, understanding their nature and implications (problem
solving) and, if necessary, quickly learning ad hoc tools and techniques;
- be able to work in a team and to be able to fit into the work environment promptly;
- be able to communicate scientific content clearly and effectively, also in English.

Physical
Graduates will be able to:
- carry out professional activities in the fields of technological applications of physics at an industrial level (e.g. electronics, optics, computer science, mechanics, acoustics);
- carry out laboratory activities and services relating, in particular, to radiation protection, control and environmental safety, materials development and characterization, telecommunications, controls
satellite systems;
- participate in the activities of public and private research institutions, and in all areas, including non-scientific ones (e.g. economics, finance, security), in which the ability to analyze and model
even complex phenomena with scientific methodology;
- analyze and manage experimental data with computer techniques and statistical methods;
- carry out measurements of physical quantities for industrial, social, medical, environmental purposes (e.g. radioactivity, noise and light pollution, etc.);
- carry out tasks of science communication and dissemination of scientific culture in different contexts (e.g. museums, exhibitions, publishing, mass media).
For all these activities, graduates may be engaged in roles of responsibility at the highest levels, while to acquire higher responsibilities the preparation corresponding to the master's degree or specific professional courses will be required.

Specific educational objectives of the degree course are the formation of a wide and solid set of skills on contents and methods typical of physics and mathematics.
They must be solidly founded, in addition to the necessary knowledge in the field of physics and related disciplines, on the achievement of a complete familiarity with the scientific method, both as regards the processing and interpretation of experimental data, and as regards the elaboration of models and theoretical descriptions of physical reality. Through the various courses proposed, students are constantly prepared to deal with increasingly complex issues and ever-changing problems, in order to develop scientific knowledge and know-how, particularly in the field of problem solving, which they can then put to good use both in subsequent studies in a master's degree and in access to the world of work.
The degree course has a methodological character and provides a single curriculum, with courses organized in such a way as to encourage a progressive acquisition of the mathematical, physical and computer skills necessary for the continuation of studies.
The training course is structured in the following learning areas:

PHYSICAL AREA
It allows students to acquire adequate knowledge of classical physics (mechanics, thermodynamics, waves, electromagnetism) and modern physics (special relativity and quantum mechanics), with particular reference to their applications
in the field of physics of matter and nuclear and subnuclear physics. At the same time, during the three years, students will become familiar with the experimental method through dedicated laboratory activities and data analysis with statistical and computer methods.

MATHEMATICS AREA
It allows students to acquire adequate knowledge of the methods of mathematical analysis, algebra, geometry and functional analysis, probability and statistics, with particular reference to their applications in the development of theoretical models for the interpretation and representation of physical phenomena and for the statistical analysis of experimental data.

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INTERDISCIPLINARY AREA
It allows students to acquire adequate knowledge of computer science and programming with particular reference to languages and techniques widely used in physics, and the basic elements of chemistry.
In addition, in the laboratories, students will acquire basic skills and abilities of electronics and some methodologies also used in different fields
interdisciplinary physics (e.g. medical physics, optics, nuclear and subnuclear physics).

Students' preparation is completed by elective courses and a final exam consisting of a report on a topic of their choice discussed in front of an Examination Committee.
The teaching methods of the courses are mainly the conventional ones of lectures and exercises both in the classroom and in the laboratory, which are in any case constantly and progressively updated
also through the inclusion of innovative, interactive and digital teaching techniques.
The particular attention to interactive and digital teaching and laboratory activities (also in groups) is an important complement
It also provides necessary skills that are highly valued for inclusion in many sectors of work.
Teaching is supported and supported by numerous tutoring projects, articulated in guided study activities aimed at both groups and individual students, from the beginning of the course (basic preparatory courses in mathematics and physics), up to the following years (contrast to dropouts, exam simulations to reduce graduation times...), also in support of the most disadvantaged students, and/or personalized for students of particular categories (workers, part-timers, SLD...).
The assessment of the achievement of the learning objectives takes place through the evaluation of written and/or oral tests at the end of each course, possibly preceded by ongoing tests.
The final exam is a test of the ability to synthesize and the degree of autonomy of study in the face of new problems.
The training obtained in the degree course constitutes the necessary basis for the continuation of studies in a master's degree, but also allows immediate entry into the world of work.
Due to the skills acquired in the physical-mathematical-computer field, and in particular for the familiarity with the scientific method and the aptitude for problem solving, graduates in physics are very flexible and adaptable to the needs of disparate fields of work, in numerous possible employment and professional outlets described below.
The preparation provided by the degree course is suitable for further studies in various STEM master's degree courses.
The courses of the classes LM-17 Physics and LM-58 Sciences of the Universe are the natural continuation of this, but also master's degree courses of classes contiguous to physics (LM-40 Mathematics, LM Sc. Mat. – Materials Sciences, LM-54 Chemical Sciences, LM-44 Mathematical-Physical Modeling for Engineering, LM-91 Techniques and Methods for the Digital Society) are profitably accessible from the L-30 degree course.
Moreover, with the skills of electronics and computer science acquired, degree courses specifically dedicated to these disciplines are also accessible, as well as master's courses in the economic-financial field, for which the techniques of calculation and mathematical-statistical simulation studied today in econometrics are particularly useful.